Depression Treatment ... Anxiety, Depression, Stress
Depressive disorders encompass major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder,
and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is included because people with this illness have depressive episodes as well as manic
episodes.
Depression
Facts and Statistics
Symptoms
of Depression
Major
Depressive Disorder (Unipolar Major Depression)
Dysthymic
Disorder (Dysthymia)
Bipolar
Disorder (Manic Depression)
Childhood
Depression
Teenage
Depression
Elderly
Depression
Depression
Facts and Statistics
Depression is best described as a treatable real illness
that affects the body and mind.
Approximately 18.8 million American adults, or about 9.5
percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given
year, have a treatable depressive disorder.
Nearly twice as many women (12.0 percent) as men (6.6 percent)
are affected by a depressive disorder each year. These figures
translate to 12.4 million women and 6.4 million men in the
U.S.
Women between the ages of 25-44 are most often affected by
depression.
A major cause of depression in women is the inability to express
or handle Anger.
Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders
and substance abuse.
Depression affects all people regardless of age, geographic
location, demographic or social position.
Depressive disorders may be appearing earlier in life in people
born in recent decades compared to past generations.
Avoiding Sugar, Caffeine and Alcoholic Beverages are simple
dietary changes that can help depression.
Bipolar disorder or manic depression is a disorder characterized
by cycles of depression and highs or mania.
Dysthymia is a less severe type of depression, involving long-term
chronic symptoms.
A recent study sponsored by the World Health Organization
and the World Bank found unipolar major depression to be the
leading cause of disability in the United States.
Over 90 percent of suicide victims have a diagnosable mental
disorder.
Mood disorders cost U.S. employers 16 billion dollars in lost
work time annually.
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Symptoms of Depression
A
Major Depression is marked by a combination of symptoms that
occur together, and last for at least two weeks without significant
improvement. Symptoms from at least five of the following categories
must be present for a major depression, although even a few
of the symptom clusters are indicators of a depression, but
perhaps not a major depression.
Persistent
depressed, sad, anxious, or empty mood.
Feeling
worthless, helpless, or experiencing excessive or inappropriate
guilt.
Hopeless
about the future, excessive pessimistic feelings.
Loss
of interest and pleasure in your usual activities that were
once enjoyed.
Decreased
energy and chronic fatigue.
Loss
of memory, difficulty making decisions or concentrating.
Physical
slowing, Irritability, restlessness or agitation.
Sleep
disturbances, either difficulty sleeping, or sleeping too
much.
Loss
of appetite and interest in food, or overeating, with weight
gain.
Recurring
thoughts of death, or suicidal thoughts or actions.
This
list is a guide to help you understand depression. It is not
offered for you to diagnose yourself. If you have some of these
symptoms, don't focus on how many symptoms you have. Instead
focus on finding an effective solution, depression is treatable.
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Major Depressive Disorder
A
diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (or unipolar major depression)
is made if a person has five or more symptoms of depression
and impairment in usual functioning nearly every day during
the same two-week period.
Major depression often begins between ages 15-30 or even earlier.
An estimated 5.0 percent or 9.9 million American adults aged
18 and over suffer from unipolar major depression in a given
year.
Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders and substance
abuse.
Episodes typically recur.
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Dysthymic Disorder
Dysthymic Disorder (or Dysthymia) is a chronic but less severe
form of depression, which is diagnosed when depressed mood persists
for at least two years and is accompanied by at least two other
symptoms of depression.
Dysthymia
generally occurs during early adulthood, although it can
also occur in children and adolescents. Its onset is gradual,
so it is difficult to pinpoint exactly when it begins.
Dysthymic
disorder affects approximately 5.4 percent of the U.S. population
age 18 and older during their lifetime.
About
40 percent of adults with dysthymic disorder also meet criteria
for major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder in a given
year.
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Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)
Bipolar
disorder (also known as Manic Depression) is characterized by
episodes of depression, mania, or mixed state that typically
recur and become more frequent across the life span. Individuals
usually suffer periods of desolation, causing lethargy or bursts
of mania characterised by excessive excitement and activity
or both depression and mania combined into a 'mixed state'.
Bipolar
disorder typically emerges in late adolescence or early adulthood.
More
than 2.3 million American adults, or about 1.2 percent of
the population in a given year, have bipolar disorder.
In
most patients each manic, depressive or mixed state episode
(especially early in the course of illness) are separated
by well periods during which there are few to no symptoms.
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Childhood Depression
Up
to 2.5 % of children in the United States suffer from depression.
In
1997, suicide was the leading cause of death of 10 to 24-year-olds.
All too often suicide is the result of extended periods of
depression.
An
early diagnosis can help children in their emotional, social
and behavioral development but can also be hard to detect
or masked by other factors.
Doctors
may be reluctant to put a label of mental illness on a young
child.
Bipolar
disorder can occur in children and adolescents and has been
investigated in children as young as 6 years old.
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Teenage Depression
Diagnosing
depression in children and teenagers is often difficult because
early symptoms can be hard to detect or may be attributed to
other causes. Children and adolescents are going through rapid,
age-related physical and emotional changes that may mask and
accurate diagnosis.
Up to 8.3 percent of adolescents in the United States suffer
from depression.
Recent
research has discovered that depression onset is occurring
earlier in individuals born in more recent decades.
There
is evidence that depression emerging early in life often persists,
recurs, and continues into adulthood, and that early onset
depression may predict more severe illness in adult life.
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Elderly Depression
In
a given year, between 1 and 2 percent of people over age 65
living in the community, i.e., not living in nursing homes
or other institutions, suffer from major depression and about
2 percent have dysthymia.
Recent
NIMH studies show that 13 to 27 percent of older adults have
subclinical depressions that do not meet the diagnostic criteria
for major depression or dysthymia but are associated with
increased risk of major depression, physical disability, medical
illness, and high use of health services.
Suicide
is more common among the elderly than in any other age group.
In studies of older adults who committed suicide, nearly all
had major depression, typically a first episode, though very
few had a substance abuse disorder.
Suicide
among white males aged 85 and older was nearly six times the
national U.S. rate (65 per 100,000 compared with 11 per 100,000)
in 1996, the most recent year for which statistics are available.
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